The opening session was attended by Adam Jamaa Adam, Wali Kassala and Sheikh Mohamed Tahir Suliman Betai, the Chairman of Kassala legislative Council beside Ministers and senior government officials. Representatives of the Ministries of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Federal Ministry of Health, representatives of the World Health Organization and many university professors, scientific research centers and specialists were present. The Wali announced that by now Kassala is free of Chikungunya as 69 out of 70 centers registered zero cases. He hailed the participation of all specialists and scientists from different regions of Sudan who participated in the meeting.
He praised the role of the University of Kassala and its contributions during the health crisis, as they advise about the right diagnosis of cases even before laboratory test. He praised the University of Kassala as an original partner with the State Government. Adam Jamaa pointed to the recent signing of an agreement between Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences and Kassala State Ministry of Health, witnessed by Professor Sumia Abukashawa, Minister of Higher Education and Scientific research. He confirmed the intention of establishing a maternity and children hospital inside the university campus, to be the starting of a university hospital.
He expressed his hope that the meeting will come out with recommendations to help Sudan in identifying vectors that cause diseases.
Dr. Aisha Adam Sidi, Minister of Health and Social Development, expressed her appreciation of the presence of such a large number of specialists and researchers to participate in the forum. She said that the fever that spread in the state was strange and unknown and caused tension among citizens. She explained that the 71 treatment centers reported 19,891 Chikungunya cases from Kassala and rural Kassala and West Kassala. The Minister pointed out that control measure to combat the disease led to rapid decline of reported cases. She also praised the initiative of University of Kassala, which is an excellent support to Kassala State Government.
Professor Abdulla Ali, The University of Kassala Vice-Chancellor, said that the university has decided to employ all its research potentials, partners and collaborators with scientific research institutions to study this outbreak. They aim at achieving a deep understanding of the disease and its impact. He highlighted the initial arrangements and response of partners and collaborators to participate in this meeting. He pointed to the political support of Wali Kassala and his patronage for this meeting. He also praised the support of HE Dr. Al-Sadig Al-Hadi Abdul Rahman Al-Mahdi, Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research, who launched the announcement of the initiative from within the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research on 14 October 2018, amid large media, political and academic presence. He praised the rapid response of the “Sudan HIV/AIDS Working Group –SHAWG (a group of Sudanese experts in the field of infectious diseases and viruses).
“The initiative came as a reflection of the role of the university and its mission to conduct scientific research to serve the community, “Professor Tajeldeenm the chairman of the organizing committee in his speech at the beginning of the opening session. He explained that the purpose of the forum to reflect on the vision and proposals to answer the questions raised by the Ministry of Health and other stakeholders, about the epidemic of Chikungunya and other vector born diseases.
As part of the World Health Organization’s interest in this event and as one of the partners of the Kassala University initiative in the research of Chikungunya fever, Dr. Naima Al-Gaseer, the WHO World Representative addressed the inaugural session through “Skype.”She spoke about the heavy burden of diseases that amount to 13 million deaths globally annually due to the environmental factors and more than 854,000 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Other than traditional environmental hazards, there are other risks related to global changes (climate change, rapid urbanization, increasing demand for energy, emerging threats, emergencies, electronic waste, plastic particles). There is a need for a holistic approach to protect health from environmental hazards and to promote a flexible and resilient health system.
A world in which sustainable development eliminates nearly a quarter of all the problems caused by unhealthy environments by maintaining and strengthening health, taking precautionary measures in healthy sectors and healthy life choices, and being able to deal with the new and emerging environmental risks.
The Sustainable Development Plan of 2030 supports sustainable approaches to health, the environment and equity and provides opportunities for strategy development. She spoke about strengthening the direct impact of the organization in countries. The organization work to improve the capacity of the health sector and provide platforms for stakeholders.
Dr. Rasha Siddiq, the representative of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, said that the forum represents one of the main points of support and interest. “We look forward to scientific and research outputs,” she said.
Second Session:
Chairperson: Professor Muntassir Taha Co-chair: Dr. Hana Adli Siam
Chikungunya outbreak in Kassala (update):
By Mr. Noureldeen Hussain Abdalla (Director General Kassala State Ministry of Health.
Banat Health Center in the West Gash part of the city reported the first suspected Chikungunya cases on 08/08/2018. The reports came to the epidemiological directorate at MOH, about patients presented with sudden onset of fever and joint pains. Join pain is severe, and most patients are either walking pending or unable to walk. The clinical picture fulfills the case definition of Chikungunya. They sent samples of blood to the National Public Health Laboratory in Khartoum for confirmation. Results came out on 11/08/2018 positive for Chikungunya virus by PCR. They sent more samples, for more confirmation and the positivity was 83% of cases. West Gash part of the city is the most affected part of the city. It reported 4,188 (21.1%) of cases. Ministry of Health conducted active case searches in the community. It established measures for monitoring, reporting, and treatment in 71 centers. Soon the disease rapidly spread to the other part of the city. The cumulative cases reached 18,913 (46.4/1000 population) by November 2nd.
The vector control campaign started on 30th July, by a house to house fog spray of insecticides. In this campaign, 1,440 workers, volunteers, and supervisors have participated. They inspected 52,430 households in the city for Aedes egyptei breeding sites. They cover 53% of households in the first week, to reach 110% in the 7th week of the epidemic. Breeding sites were found in 29.1% of households in the first week, with a rapid decline to 2.9% in the 7th week. Health workers inspected 943,444 water storage utensils. In these, 12.5% of 10,879 clay jars, 9.8% of barrels and 6.9% of other utensils used for domestic water storage were found to contain eggs and larvae of the mosquito. By the 7th week, this declined to 1.74%, 0.8%, and 0.5% respectively.
Ministry of Health also launched health promotion activity in the form of public talks, message by mobile loudspeakers, video shows, household visits, discussion groups, written health message and messages through school pupils. This targeted 1,143,982 beneficiaries.
Ministry of Health provided free treatment in the form of paracetamol (infusion and tablets), and IV fluids are available in 71 treatment centers with 100 medical doctors and 120 auxiliaries. It also conducted training, distribution of treatment protocol, and supply of necessary diagnostic equipment in these centers.
By all these measures, 69 centers reported zero cases for the last 72 hours, only two cases reported each from one center. There is underreporting, as the cases treated in private clinics and hospital and those have treatment at home are not reported.
Many questions about this epidemic need to be addressed by scientific research. The following is the suggested topic to be investigated:
1. Seroprevalence studies for Chikungunya and Dengue viruses in the community.
2. To look for the Presence of Chikungunya and Dengue fever co-infection.
3. KAP survey among health professionals & the population about vector born disease.
4. Detection of the virus in the vectors and Study the transmission of the vectors to the
Arbovirus.
5. Study behavior and ecology of Aedes aegypti
University of Kassala Initiative for Chikungunya epidemic research:
Dr. Mohamed Abdelrazig Dassogi, Assistant Professor of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Kassala.
When this outbreak emerged in Kassala, it was unlike many febrile outbreaks that hit this city before. It was abrupt, devastating and rapidly spreading across the city. Malaria and dengue fevers are endemic in Kassala. As kits for rapid diagnosis is not available, health workers diagnosed the disease by case definition and exclusion. Many questions were raised by the public, especially social media activists concerning the nature of the epidemic and associated mortality.
Moreover, the health authority raised issues to be investigated by research particularly the community behavior in vector control. There seems to be a gap of knowledge coupled with specific social behavior concerning vector control that led to the explosive nature of this epidemic. Among the medical community, there is concern about future arbovirus and other vector born epidemics. Kassala experienced febrile epidemics in last three decades, mainly malaria and dengue. Aedes aegypti can transmit many arboviruses with a potential future epidemic. University of Kassala, is a national institution based in Kassala, finds itself highly committed to solving these issues by scientific research. As all staff, academic and non-academic are in amidst of the epidemic, they have deep insight into the problem. The university research facility is not adequate to tackle this task, but it has a wide range of partners and collaborators that could make a suitable team of investigators.
The Vice-Chancellor directed the concerned Deans to be prepared to launch an initiative to lead this task. Faculty of Medicine & Health Science has long experience with Sudan HIV/AIDS Working Group (SHAWG) in training and research. As this group, based in the UK and some Gulf Countries, with considerable expertise in infectious diseases and virology, were called for participation in Chikungunya fever research. A volunteer expert was sent to Kassala for evaluation of the situation and facilitating the establishment of a research framework and collaborative networks to study the outbreak. With extensive work on that short visit, he came with an essential recommendation for the university and health authorities. He highlighted the importance of directing efforts towards all vector-borne infections with emphasis on viral agents. University of Kassala helped by SHAWG, to start communications with the local and central government to secure support for planned research activities.
With the support of Adam Jamaa Wali Kassala and Dr. Elsadig Elhadi Elmahadi, Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research, University of Kassala formulated initiative to lead the scientific research of Kassala Chikungunya. Federal Ministry of Health, World Health Organization and all research centers contacted showed strong support to the initiative. The initiative entitled establishment of collaborative networks from partners and collaborators to study the outbreak. The main objectives of the initiative is a better understanding of the epidemic size and dynamics and disease burden and Development of research capacity building in Kassala. This meeting is the first practical step of the initiative aiming at the construction of a network for Chikungunya research and formulation of research questions for research proposal preparation. At the same time to construct research teams and put a plan for fundraising for research.
Sudan HIV/AIDS Working Group response to Kassala Chikungunya epidemic
Dr. Awadia Khojali, Associate Professor of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, the Dean Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Kassala, SHAWG member.
Dr. Awadia gave a short description of SHAWG highlighting a ten years relationship with University of Kassala. The Sudan HIV/AIDS Working Group (SHAWG) is a voluntary network of healthcare professionals with considerable expertise in Infectious Diseases and Virology who have been focusing specifically on improving the quality of HIV care as well as brokering effective transfer of HIV knowledge. Members of the group, based in the UK, with members all over the world, including Sudan, South Africa, and the Middle East.
The first significant assignment performed was on the Prevention of Mother-Child transmission of HIV in 2011. University of Kassala hosted and sponsored the UNDP Tokten Sudan program. The assignment outcomes and comprehensive recommendations were reported to sponsor, Sudan National Aids Program published a document entitled “PMTCT of HIV in Sudan: One test…Two lives”. SHAWG released the document on the World AIDS Day in 2012. The assignment was followed by another essential assignment a year later which built on the previous assignment recommendations and focused on prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV.
One of the activities in the 2012 SHAWG’s visit to Kassala was Training the Trainer course. 40 trainees from different backgrounds, medical, nursing and technical, have attended the course. Also, SHAWG spoke to women leaders and female Parliament and local legislative council members in a meeting that was attended by approximately 45 representatives from all from political parties. University of Kassala and SHAWG shared many publications.
SHAWG group members were very concerned about what was going on in the City since August 2018 and have been in contact with their peers in Kassala. As a group with particular expertise in infectious diseases and virology, they arranged through their standard practice to establish a program with University of Kassala and the National Public Health Lab in Khartoum to provide support and advise on clinical, laboratory and research issues concerning Chikungunya. SHAWG Consultant Dr. Yusri Taha carried out the assignment supported by local SHAWG members and University of Kassala staff. The visit took place between 8th and 16th of October. Its aims at evaluation of the situation on the ground, visit the National Public Health Laboratory in Khartoum and its subsidiary State’s laboratory in Kassala and seek with University of Kassala the establishment of a research framework and collaborative networks to study the outbreak.
Third Session:
Chairperson: Professor Imad Aradeeb Co-chair: Dr. Abdelgadir Ali Basheer.
In this session, the following topics were selected by organizers as are relevant to researchers who are going to contribute to this initiative.
Knowledge management: The Role of the World Health Organization in Advancement of Knowledge:
Dr. Hassan El-bushra.WHO Consultant – WHO Office Sudan.
Writing competitive research project proposal & Fundraising for research projects Professor Badria Babiker El-Sayed, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific research.
Collaborative Research (working with research teams)
Dr. Rasha Siddig, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum.
Fourth Session: Group Work
Group work:
Participants were divided in four groups as follows:
1. The epidemiology Group:
2. The Clinical Group
3. The Vector Group
4. The Economical, Environmental & Human Science Group
Facilitators:
Dr. Hassan Elbushra (WHO), Prof Imad Aradaib ( Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum) , Prof Badria Babiker El-Sayed (Tropical Medicine Research Institute) & Prof Abdalla Ali Mohammed (University of Kassala).
Objectives:
To formulate research question.
To suggest area of research in Chikungunya outbreak.
To discuss organization of research teams.
Fifth Session: Group presentation:
Chair person:Professor Humaida Ali Gorashi (Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences – University of Gedarif) Co. Professor Bukri Yosof Mohamed Nour (Blue Nile National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Gezira University)
Group A: Epidemiology group. Chair Dr. Hassan Elbushra Rapporteur Dr. Mahgoub Hassan Elnoor (Aispo, Medical Coordinator). Presenter Dr. Abdelhafeez Osman (Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Kassala).
Outcome:
They focused on three main topics:
1. Wide spectrum community-based seroprevalence for CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS, Dengue V and other arboviruses to be considered. The objective is to determine the nature and magnitude of the epidemic, the demographic characteristics of the affected population.
2. Mortality surveys to determine excess mortality in different population groups, determine the magnitude of CHIKUNGUNYA FEVER related deaths.
3. Critical evaluation of Kassala State Ministry of Health Surveillance System.
Group B: The clinical group:
Chair: Professor Imad Aradeeb, Rapporteur Professor Muntasir Taha (Faulty of Medicine, National Ribat University), Presenter Professor Tajeldeen Mohamadain Abdalla (Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Kassala).
This group clinic-pathological study of the following:
• Long-term sequela of Chikungunya.
• The presence and magnitude of co-infection with Dengue and Malaria.
• The immunological complications
• .Genetic susceptibility (variation of affection in certain ethnic groups living in same conditions).
• The complication in pregnancy.
• Development of rapid diagnostic test.
Group C: The Vector Group:
Chair: Professor Badria Babiker El-Sayed, Rapporteur Dr. Rasha Siddig, Presenter Dr. Fatma Abbas Khalid (Faculty of Science, University of Kassala).
Distribution of arbovirus mosquito vectors In Kassala State
General Objectives
To study the distribution of mosquito vectors in Kassala State
Specific objectives
• Identify the mosquito species
• to determine the types of breeding sites.
• Identify the resting behavior of adults
• Determine seasonal abundance
• Determine insecticide resistance status
• Determine mutation in genes associated with insecticide resistance
• Assess the host preference
• Detect the viruses
Group D: Economic, environmental & Social Science Group:
Chair Ms. Amani Mohamed Abdelrazig (Federal Ministry of Health), Rapporteur: Mr. Elfateeh Osman Ihimir (Faculty of Education, University of Kassala), Presenter Dr. Eltayeb Mohamadain (Faculty of Economics & Managerial Sciences, University of Kassala).
They focused on:
• Economical impact of the outbreak (productivity, out of pocket expenditure of treatment )
• Environmental factors that led to the explosive nature of the epidemic.
• Social behavior towards the outbreak.
Closing session:
Chaired by Professor Amani Abdelmaroof, the Dean of Faculty of Higher Studies and Scientific Research. She thanked all participants of their patience and staying long hours.
Dr. Amani Mohamed Abdelrazig present introduction to SALAMAT (Sudan and London Association Medical AID Trust). Amani is from Non-Communicable Disease Programme, Federal Ministry of Health. She participated in meeting representing SALAMT Medical Charity. SALAMAT is a charity group formed by volunteer Sudanese doctors, based in London. The aim of SALAMAT is transferring medical knowledge and experience to improve health services in Sudan. They show interest to help Kassala in Chikungunya outbreak through supporting University of Kassala research initiative in Chikungunya epidemic.
(For participation in this initiative please contact the following):
• Professor Abdalla Ali Mohammed (University Vice Chancellor) 00249912233781 dohmaa@yahoo.co.uk
• Dr. Awadia Khojali Mohamed : Dean Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences 00249916172983 awadiakhojali1976@yahoo.com
• Dr. Yusri Taha: 0044 191 242 2725, yusritaha@hotmail.com
• Professor Tajeldeen Mohamadain (Clinical group:) 00249912820929 tajeldinmm@yahoo.com
• Dr. Abdelhafeez Osman (Epidemiological groups). 00249912996912 hafeezos72@gmail.com
• Dr. Fatma Abass Khalid (The vector group:). 00249912692925 fatma_arb_a@yahoo.com
• Dr. Mohammed Elhaj Mustafa(The Economic, environmental and human science group:). 00909005726
Appendix:
Annex 1: The invited institutions:
The following centers agree to participate:
• The Directorate of Scientific Research and Innovation (Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research)
• Federal Ministry of Health.
• World Health Organization (Sudan Office).
• Sudan HIV/AIDS Working Group (SHAWG)
• The Endemic Disease Institute (Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum)
• .Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (University of Khartoum).
• The Mycetoma Center, (University of Khartoum)
• The Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research (Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research).
• The National Public Health Laboratory (Federal Ministry of Health.
• The Blue Nile National Institute for Communicable Diseases (Geizera University).
• Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences Red Sea University
• Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences Gedarif University
• Faculty of Medicine National Ribat University
• S.A.L.M.A.T. Medical Charity (UK)
• University of Khartoum
• Gezira University
• Red Sea University
• University of Gedarif
• National Ribat University
• University of Sassari (Italy)
• Associazione Italiana per la Solidarieta tra i Popoli – Aispo (Italy).
Annex I1: The invited participants outside Kassala:
Professor Badria Babiker El-Sayed: Director of Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Center for research, Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research.
Professor Bukri Yosof: Deputy Director of Blue Nile National Institute for Communicable Disease, Gizera University.
Professor Imadeldeen Aradeeb: The Dean of Veterinary Medicine (University of Khartoum).
Professor Muntasir Taha, Faculty of Medicine, National Ribat University
Dr. Abdelgadir Ali Bashier, Director of Research, Federal Ministry of Health
Dr. Hassan Elbushra: Consultant to WHO Sudan.
Dr. Mahgoub Ahmed Mahmood: Consultant to WHO Sudan.
Dr. Rasha Siddig Azrag: Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum also representing Directorate of Scientific Research (MHESR) and Faculty of Science University of Khartoum.
Dr. Amani Mohamed Abdelrazig, Nutritionist, Federal Ministry of Health.
Dr. Hamoda Toto Kafee, Vector Control, Federal Ministry of Health
Dr. Hana Adli Siam, Entomologist, Federal Ministry of Health.
Mr. Eltayeb Khojali, Blue Nile National Institute for Communicable Disease.
Professor Homaida Ali Gorashi, Community physician, University of Gedarif.
Dr. Yassir Fadelalla, Virologist, University of Gedarif.
Dr. Tahani Basier, Microbiologist, Red Sea University.
Annex II1: The program :
University of Kassala In collaboration with Kassala State Ministry of Health
“University of Kassala Partners & Collaborators in Chikungunya Epidemic Research Meeting”
Osman Digna Hall, Kassala Sudan on 5th of November 2018.
Sunday 04.11.2018 for Delegates from Khartoum
05:00 Departure from Khartoum International Airport. Tickets with Mr. Abayazeed Babikir (0912290031)
08:15 Expected arrival at Kassala
Orientation program including site visits (details on arrival)
Monday 05.11.2018 08:30 – 09:30
Opening session
08:30-08:35 Holly Quran
08:35-08: 40 Organizing Committee: Professor Tajeldeen Mohamadain Abdalla
08:40-08: 45 Representative of Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research:
08:45-08:50 Representative of Federal Ministry of Health
08:50-09:00 WHO Representative in Sudan Dr. Naeema Elgassir
09:00-09:10 Kassala State Minister of Health
09:10-09:20 University of Kassala Vice Chancellor: Professor Abdalla Ali Mohammed
09:20-09:30 Wali Kassala
09:30 – 10:00 First scientific session
Chairperson: Professor Muntassir Taha Co-chair: Dr. Hana Adli Siam
10:00 -10:10 Chikungunya outbreak in Kassala (update):
Mr. Noureldeen Hussain Abdalla
10:10 -10:20 University of Kassala Initiative for Chikungunya epidemic research:
Dr. Mohamed Abdelrazig Dassogi
10:20-10:30 Sudan HIV/AIDS Working Group response to Kassala Chikungunya epidemic
Dr. Awadia Khojali
10:30 -10:45 Discussion
10:45 – 11: 15 Lunch
11: 15 – 12:30 Second Session
Chairperson: Professor Imad Aradeeb Co-chair: Dr. Abdelgadir Ali Basheer
11:15- 11:30 Knowledge management Dr. Hassan Elbushra
11:30-11:50 Writing competitive research project proposal, fundraising for research projects
Professor Badria Babiker El-Sayed.
11:50-12:10 Collaborative Research (working with research teams) Dr. Rasha Siddig
12: 10-12:30 Discussion
12:30-13:00 Coffee break & Prayer time
13:00-14:30 Group work
Group A: Epidemiology group. Chair Dr. Hassan Elbushra Rapporteur Dr. Mahgoub Hassan Elnoor. Presenter Dr. Abdelhafeez Osman
Group B: The clinical group: Chair: Prof Imadeldeen Aradaib, Rapporteur Prof. Muntassir Taha, Presenter Professor Tajeldeen Mohamadain Abdalla
Group C: The Vector Group: Chair: Professor Badria Babiker El-Sayed, Rapporteur Dr. Rasha Siddig, Presenter Dr. Fatma Abbas Khalid
Group D: Economic, environmental & Social Science Group: Chair Ms. Amani Mohamed Abdelrazig, Rapporteur: Mr. Elfateeh Osman Ihimir , Presenter Dr. Eltayeb Mohamadain
14:30 – 16:00 Group presentation and recommendation
Chairperson: Professor Humaida Ali Gorashi Co. Professor Bukri Yosof Mohamed Nour
16:00 – 16:15 Coffee Break & Prayer
16:15- 17:00 Closing session
Chairperson Professor Amani Abdelmaroof,
Representative of Participants
Vice Chancellor
Certificates
20:00 invitation by Walli Kassala Dinner
Annex 1V: Photo gallery
Opening session
Opining session
The opening session:
Aisha Adam Seidi, Kassala State Minister of Health, Adam Jamaa Adam, Wali Kassala State, Abdalla Ali Mohammed, Vice Chancellor, University of Kassala
Wali Kassala addressing the opening session.
Professor Tajeldeen Mohamadain, the chair of scientific committee
Dr. Rasha Sidig Azrag representative of Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research
Dr. Abdelgadir Ali Bashir, representative of Federal Ministry of Health
Left: Professor Imadeldeen Aradeeb & Dr. Abdelgadir Ali Bashir, chairing seeion.
Group work (Epidemiology group)
From right to left:
Dr. Wafeeg Abuelnour: WHO office Kassala
Dr. Abuobieda Osman Ibnoof (community physician) DG Kassala Teaching Hospital.
Prof. Abdalla Ali Mohammed (Obgyn)
Dr. Mahgou Hassan Elnour, Aispo medical consultant.
Group work (Epidemiology group)
From right to left:
Dr. Mahgou Hassan Elnour, Aispo medical consultant.
Dr. Hassan Elbushra: epidemiologist, WHO consultant
Dr. Abdelhafeez Osman: Community physician, University of Kassala.
Group work (Epidemiology group)
From right to left:
Professor Homida Ali Gorashi, Community physician, University of Gedarif.
Dr. Abdelgadir Ali Basheer, epidemiologist, Research Unit, Federal Ministry of Health.
Dr. Wafeeg Abuelnour: WHO office Kassala
Group work (Epidemiology group)
From right to left:
Dr. Hassan Elbushra: epidemiologist, WHO consultant
Dr. Tahani Bashier, Microbiologist, Red Sea University.
Dr. Abdelhafeez Osman: Community physician, University of Kassala.
The Clinical Group
Economy, environmental and social science group
Dr. Amani Mohamed Abdelrazig, Ihaimir & Dr. Mohmed Elhaj
Antonio (Aispo),
The vector group
Participants group photo at the end of the meeting.
Media coverage.